Week 7 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Week 7 conversation - Essay Example Also, the way toward instructing composing abilities to kindergarten understudies isn't arbitrary or aimless; rather, it involves an organized, orderly methodology. Advancement of phonemic mindfulness speaks to the initial step; whereby, understudies find out about phonemes, which are the fundamental sound units and vital to spelling and composing various words (learning of sound-image relationship). The subsequent advance involves showing kids how to hold composing materials, and how to space letters properly. The accompanying propelled stages involve inciting the understudies to create thoughts intellectually and speak to them in short sentences that later indicate a section. For instance, an instructor may get some information about what and who establish their family. During the prior stages, instructors delegate constrained independence to the understudies; be that as it may, in the propelled stages, they give up self-governance to the understudies (Mumford, 2009). Mumford, P. (2009, March 23). Showing Writing in Kindergarten: A Structured Approach to Daily Writing That Helps Every Child Become a Confident, Capable Writer by Randee Bergen. Recovered from National Writing Project:

Hand Sanitizers vs. Soap and Water

Hand Sanitizers versus Cleanser and Water Antibacterial hand sanitizers are advertised to general society as a successful method to wash ones hands when conventional cleanser and water are not accessible. These waterless items are especially famous with guardians of little kids. Producers of hand sanitizers guarantee that the sanitizers execute 99.9 percent of germs. Since you normally use hand sanitizers to scrub your hands, the supposition that will be that 99.9 percent of hurtful germs are executed by the sanitizers. Research contemplates recommend this isn't the situation. How Do Hand Sanitizers Work? Hand sanitizers work by stripping endlessly the external layer of oil on the skin. This normally forestalls microscopic organisms present in the body from rising to the top of the hand. Notwithstanding, these microscopic organisms that are regularly present in the body are commonly not the sorts of microorganisms that will make us debilitated. In a survey of the examination, Barbara Almanza, a partner teacher at Purdue University who encourages safe sanitation practices to laborers, reached an intriguing resolution. She takes note of that the exploration shows that hand sanitizers don't essentially diminish the quantity of microscopic organisms on the hand and now and again may possibly build the measure of microorganisms. So the inquiry emerges, by what method can the makers make the 99.9 percent guarantee? In what capacity Can Manufacturers Make the 99.9 Percent Claim? The makers of the items test the items on microscopic organisms spoiled lifeless surfaces, henceforth they can infer the cases of 99.9 percent of microbes murdered. On the off chance that the items were completely tried on hands, there would no uncertainty be various outcomes. Since there is characteristic intricacy in the human hand, testing hands would be increasingly troublesome. Utilizing surfaces with controlled factors is a simpler method to get some kind of consistency in the outcomes. In any case, as we are largely mindful, regular day to day existence isn't as reliable. Hand Sanitizer versus Hand Soap and Water Strikingly enough, the Food and Drug Administration, with respect to guidelines concerning appropriate strategies for food administrations, suggests that hand sanitizers not be utilized instead of hand cleanser and water yet just as an aide. Similarly, Almanza prescribes that to appropriately sterilize the hands, cleanser and water ought to be utilized during hand washing. A hand sanitizer can not and ought not replace legitimate purifying strategies with cleanser and water. Hand sanitizers can be a helpful elective when the alternative of utilizing cleanser and water isn't accessible. A liquor based sanitizer that contains at any rate 60% liquor ought to be utilized to guarantee that germs are executed. Since hand sanitizers dont evacuate soil and oils on hands, it is ideal to wipe your hands with a towel or napkin before applying the sanitizer. Shouldn't something be said about Antibacterial Soaps? Research on the utilization of purchaser antibacterial cleansers has demonstrated that plain cleansers are similarly as viable as antibacterial cleansers in lessening microbes related sicknesses. Indeed, utilizing buyer antibacterial cleanser items may increment bacterial protection from anti-infection agents in certain microscopic organisms. These ends just apply to purchaser antibacterial cleansers and not to those utilized in emergency clinics or other clinical regions. Different investigations recommend that ultra-clean conditions and the tenacious utilization of antibacterial cleansers and hand sanitizers may repress legitimate resistant framework improvement in youngsters. This is on the grounds that provocative frameworks require more prominent introduction to regular germs for legitimate turn of events. In September 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prohibited the advertising of over-the-counter antibacterial items that contain a few fixings including triclosan and triclocarban. Triclosan in antibacterial cleansers and different items has been connected to the improvement of specific sicknesses. More on Hand Sanitizers versus Cleanser and Water Hand Sanitizers No Substitute for Soap and Water - Purdue NewsTop Five Reasons to Wash Your Hands

Upside-down and Reversed Photography at MIT

Upside-down and Reversed Photography at MIT [by Biyeun Buczyk 10] Behind these gray walls, Prof. Harold Doc Edgerton invented high-speed stroboscopic photography, and to this day his work lines the Institvtes hallways. The Edgerton Center (nicknamed strobe alley) now stands as an invaluable resource for students, and its where you can put his invention to work in 6.163: Strobe Project Lab. From 1965, Minor White (a close friend of Ansel Adams) taught at MITs Visual Arts Program until his death in 1976. White was an inspiration to students, and one of them Charles Fendrock 75 continues to come to MITs photo classes to share that inspiration (I met him last semester in 4.341amazing). MIT might not strike you as a photography hub, but if you look in the right places you will find a number of extremely talented photographers ( Hi, Lulu. ;-) ). With this comes a plethora of resources and activities, which Ill try to share with you as concisely as possible (although I really could go on forever). I came to MIT thinking Id put art aside for the next four years in favor of concentrating solely on my classes. To my luck, my freshman advisor, Graham Ramsay, didnt let that happen. As a professional photographer himself, Graham convinced me to take his advanced darkroom class (The Finished Print) at the Student Art Association (SAA) last spring. I had no previous darkroom experience, as I worked only with digital cameras, but that didnt matter. As soon as I saw the sodium-lit image appear in the bath of developer, I pretty much left the planet. A few cameras, classes, and hours and hours in the darkroom later, Im once again taking The Finished Print this time with three large binders of negatives, a taste for medium format, and a project that entails building my own 810 view camera at the Hobby Shop. I guess you could say photography became my unofficial second major. Before I go rambling on about my own projects, I want you know what you, an aspiring photographer, have at your fingertips as soon as you arrive. W20: the Student Center. This is where the magic happens. The fourth floor of W20 is darkroom land. Three darkrooms live here, and I wouldnt be surprised if they occupied a third of the floor space. Looking for digital equipment? You might want to check out photography at The Tech. If you remember from the PSC Blogs, Christina Kang 08 (another one of MITs fantastic photographers) documented the PSC fellows in five developing countries during the past summer. She brought along the Techs Nikon D2Hs. (I will have to warn you now that most of the digital equipment you can borrow at MIT is Nikon.) The Tech has weekly photography meetings where photo assignments are discussed and chosen for the following week. If youre interested, you only have to drop by. Technique is MITs yearbook, or rather, as they call themselves, the MIT Photography Club. People who hang around The Tech may often crossover to Technique. They have digital equipment as well as some very nice analog cameras. Unlike the Tech, Technique has a greater fondness for film. My only gripe is that they keep your negatives until the yearbook is published, but if you dont want to buy film its a good deal. Technique has a meeting 1pm every Saturday, which involves tutorials, food, and photo-geekness. Just like The Tech, all you have to do is show up. On the wing opposite from The Tech and Technique is the Student Art Association. In addition to photography classes (I usually take one a term), the SAA offers classes in ceramics and 2-D art. The SAA doesnt have digital equipment, but they have a Hasselblad, a Mamiya, and a Speed Graphic press camera (OH YES). The SAA also has a studio, complete with background drops and some nice lighting equipment (currently living in the closet). Since I spend most of my time in the SAA darkroom (I practically live there), I feel obliged to give you a quick tour: The giant metal sink in the middle of the room is where the development process happens (I wont get into that in this post). To the right is an enlargeryou use this to blow up your negatives into a viewable size. On the left are the chemicals. The chemicals are conveniently arranged in their order of use (developer -> stop bath -> fixer -> permawash). Photography uses a lot of water. You can see in the photo above that there are two hoses running to two of the trays. A small stream of water is needed to keep the baths fresh, as they are used to wash the prints between chemicals. When the lights go out, the work begins. The dim orange-lit room can be a little creepy at times, especially when youre alone in the darkroom at 4am. This is why you bring music (yes there are some nice speakers in here, but I failed to take a photo of them). Perhaps in a future post Ill go over a bit of the darkroom process if you all are interested. Now, lets get back to those resources Ive been talking about If youre looking for for-credit photo classes and HASS credit, you should check out the Visual Arts Program. It lives in building N52. The VAP has nice equipment (cameras of all formats and tons of lenses) and amazing facilities, however their lab fee is at a premium (its more expensive than an SAA class), but depending on what you want to do it might be worth it. The VAP darkroom is really, reallybeautiful. In order to use it you either have to be majoring in course IV [architecture], or you have to be taking a photo class. However, while the darkroom has a pleasant environment, I felt I was limited in what I could do with the chemicals. They essentially have one developer, D-72, and no toners. But if youre starting out, thats probably just fine. In addition to the darkroom, the VAP has an amazing digital lab, which includes some high-resolution film scanners and Adobe Photoshop. When you are done creating your masterpieces, you can show them off at the Wiesner Student Art Gallery on the second floor of W20. The Wiesner Gallery is sponsored by the SAA and the Office of the Arts. You can pick up an application for an exhibit idea (it doesnt have to be photography) at the SAA, and someone might just let you do it. For instance, Eric Schmiedl 09 just had an exhibit of his photos a couple weeks ago, and now the Origami Club is having their work up throughout the rest of March. If youre around, go check it out! Before I end my post, I want to mention another resourceone that I hadnt paid attention to until last semester: The Photographic Resource Center (PRC) at Boston University. This is *the* place for students in the area to show off their photography at juried shows. Its also a host for many talks related to photography. Since MIT is an institutional member of the PRC, any student can attend the talks or visit the gallery free of charge. On the 28th of February, I attended a talk by Arno Minkkinen (one of my heroes), which was packed and fantastic as always. I hope this post covered some resources (without rambling on too much) that you might explore and find useful if you decide to go to MIT. In the meantime, if youre bored feel free to check out some of the photography-related activities Ive participated in over the past year: If youre interested in alternative printing processes, check out the SAAs Gum Bichromate Workshop, which is held every IAP. Also, if you want to know what I did during 4.341 (Introduction to Photography and Related Media) last term, check out this post.

Richard Write A Southern Writer Essay - 551 Words

â€Å"The creation of life is infinitely greater than the destruction of it. Ending a life only cuts it off in time. The creation of life determines its trajectory for all eternity. The moment of creation is the point where heredity and environment intersect.† (Kierkegaard) Self is one’s nature in conjunction with nurture, the amalgamation of the autonomous imagination and one’s surroundings. Black Boy chronicles Richard Wright’s journey and maturation from a boy to a man. Born to an absentee father and less than affectionate mother, Wright navigates his way through the Jim Crow South, a place where society is designed to marginalize the black people who reside in it. Although his environment contributes significantly, Richard’s innate nature†¦show more content†¦When Richard moves to Chicago, it is clearly seen how living in the South has affected him. He recalls, â€Å"I looked about to see if there were signs saying: FOR WHITE-FOR COLOR ED† (Wright 262). When he works for the Jewish couple, he feels the need to lie to them because â€Å"[he] had met so many white faces that would have violently disapproved of †¦taking the examination that [he] could not have risked telling Mr. Hoffman the truth† (Wright 269). The he has always seen blacks and whites interact with each other has influenced his thinking and perception of the world around him. Richard assumes he will be treated the same because in his experience all whites were the same. However, Richard’s introspective and inquisitive nature allows him to process his new environment and the feelings that derive from it. Reflecting on the sense of anxiety and uncertainty Richard feels when arriving in the North, he is able to understand blacks, like Shorty, who lower their standards and submit to the white people in the South. While reflecting on his current position in society, Richard is able to come to the conclusion that he does not desir e to write fantasy stories or mystery novellas, but describes his longing to write as a â€Å"hunger for insight into my own life and the lives about me† (Wright 282). He wants to use his â€Å"fiercely indrawn nature† to the advantage of hisShow MoreRelatedRichard Wright : The Son Of Nathan Wright And Ella Wilson1135 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Wright was born on at Rucker’s Plantation on September 4, 1908, in Roxie, Mississippi. Wright was the son of Nathan Wright and Ella Wilson. Although his parents were born free, his grandparents we all slaves. Wright’s grandparents were slaves, but both of his grandfathers served in the Civil War and received freedom through their service in the war. At the young age of six, Wright’s father left the family and his mother, later on, became a paralytic because of a series of strokes. 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To gain solitude from the family often that shared a tiny home, she would take walks in the field. After the incident, Walker largely withdrew from the world around her. For a long time, I thought I was very ugly and disfigured, sheRead More Characters and Themes in Richard Wrights Black Boy1615 Words   |  7 Pages Characters and Themes in Black Boy nbsp; The novel, Black Boy is Richard Wrightsnbsp;autobiographical account of his life beginning with his earliestnbsp;memories and ending with his departure for the North at agenbsp;nineteen. In Black Boy, Wright tells of an unsettled family life that takes him from Natchez, Mississippi, to Memphis, Tennessee,nbsp;back to Jackson, Mississippi, then to Arkansas, back again tonbsp;Mississippi, and finally to Memphis once more, where he prepares fornbsp;hisRead MoreSocial Issues In American Literature972 Words   |  4 Pagesinforming him of make up of the British Colonies. 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Fitzgerald married Zelda Sayre, an 18-year-old Southern belle from Alabama with whom he had one prior failed engagement, a week after the novel was published (Adams 11-12). Fitzgerald, now suddenly successful and famous, enjoyed the fruits of his labor along with his new wife. His second novel, TheRead MoreWhat Are the Literate Arts Good for? Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesliterate arts are still needed in our world. The Literate Arts could be used for self-expression. The literate arts are good for clearly expressing an artist’s deepest personal feelings. Writers who have trouble bringing out personal themes can do so effortlessly using this form of art. To be a good writer, the reader must be able to identify with your personal feelings in your work. In The Dark Night of the Soul, Miller expresses his feelings about different ideas, beliefs, doubts and what otherRead MoreBiography and Work of Stephen King Essays1337 Words   |  6 PagesKiller clown, pig’s blood, children killing adults, an adventurous cat and â€Å"here’s Johnny!† can all be connected to the KING of terror and horror, Stephen King. King is one of todays most popular and best selling writers. King combines thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal and detective themes into his stories. He is mainly known for his novels, which has allowed him to do different types of writings such as movie scrip ts, nonfiction, autobiographies, childrens books, and short stories. Kings

The Problem Of Police Harassment Essay - 888 Words

Well, the numbers do lie, according to Michael A. Wood Jr., a former Baltimore narcotics cop with 11 years of experience. He has become a whistleblower for reforming police misconduct and he’ll be one of the first to tell you that stop and frisk statistics are â€Å"junk.† The reality of police harassment is much worse and he points out the obvious that filling out paperwork is time consuming and most cops don’t bother if a search is unsuccessful. This can be seen with the frisk that was recorded for The Nation. Wood says, â€Å"The black community hasn’t been lying (about harassment) for the last fifty years. We need to fix it in a realistic, scientific way to where we have some empathy and treat people like human beings. Because we don’t.† In cases where police have been caught fabricating evidence, it again seemingly most often victimizes minorities. For instance, the former police chief of San Jose and Kansas City, Joseph McNamara, estimated that hundreds of thousands of police officers commit perjury with drug arrests. He said, â€Å"They don t feel lying under oath is wrong because politicians tell them they are engaged in a ‘holy war’ fighting evil†¦(T)hese mostly white cops are testifying against are poor blacks and Latinos.† Two brothers, Jose and Maximo Colon, were awarded $300,000 after a settlement from a civil suit with the NYPD. Video evidence proved that NYPD narcotics detectives had falsely arrested them for selling cocaine. One of the officers involved, StephenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jacksonville Shipyards1350 Words   |  6 Pagesworkplace has been a problem for women and in recent year’s men as well. Unfortunately, in the past this topic was overlooked until the case of Meritor Savings v. Vinson. 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Although things seem to be improving for women, gender equality and full assimilation into policing is

Auto Industry in Canada Free Essays

string(165) " also shows that with the most jobs being in Ontario, Canada’s population is heavily concentrated in Ontario as the province offers more employment opportunities\." To fully understand why Canada is one the wealthiest nations in the world, we need to pay particular attention to Canada’s economic history. The economic history of our country has been marked by many important events that have paved the way for a successful economic future. A brief economic history of Canada would pay particular attention to important events such as the economic boom of the 1920s, the dark times of the 1930s; the Second World War during the 1940s and to also not forget the important trade agreements such as the auto pact and the NAFTA. We will write a custom essay sample on Auto Industry in Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the above mentioned important events, Canadian economy has also been greatly influenced by its own economic sectors. Our economy has undergone through major changes during the past 3 decades. One of the factors that had an enormous impact on the economy of Canada has been that of the automotive industry. The automotive industry was born in the early years of the 20th century and it has since then, expanded very quickly. (White, 2007, p. 3) The expansion has proved to be economically profitable and also unsuccessful at times.This essay will examine the economical and political impacts of the auto industry in Canada during the past years, by paying special attention to the economic regional imbalance, the auto pact, the North American Free Trade Agreement and also the shift in the Canadian auto market, from American automakers to the Japanese automakers during the past three decades. The automotive industry expanded Canada’s economy by increasing the employment levels, the improvement of roads and contributed to an increase in revenues due to licences and gasoline fees. It also strengthened the economical relationship with our neighbours to the south and has also improved the economy of the southern provinces as it is heavily concentrated in the province of Ontario with major assembly plants in Windsor and Oshawa. The first car was produced in 1888 by Karl Benz in Germany, where as in Canada â€Å"commercial production did not being until after 1900† (White,2007, p. 5) Many Canadian automakers tried their luck but only some succeeded, as the automobile market in Canada was overtaken by the United States in the early stages of its production.It is very important to understand that the beginning of the automobile industry is closely connected to that of the United States. Many people link the creation of the automobile industry in Canada with the American automaker Ford. The design of the American automakers is entirely different from that of the Europeans and this was set early in the history of the car production. The Germans and the French b uild quality and modern cars which could only be afforded by the rich, where as the Americans were faced by an economic dilemma therefore they build cars that the public at large could afford, at a cheaper quality than the Europeans. As White states in the 1920s the industry hit its stride, expanding such that Canada became the second-largest producer of automobiles in the world. † (2007, p. v) The automobile changed many aspects of the lives of Canadians. The car gave Canadians the leisure they didn’t have before the 1920s. Now they were able to travel long distances comfortably, to find jobs far away from home as now it was easier to get to work. The automobile also allowed for the construction of the hard surface roads. Norrie at al states that by the 1928, there were 8600 km of concrete or macadamized roads in the province (2008, pg. 89) As the number of cars per person increased so did the number of licensed vehicles in Canada. Norrie et al states that by 1923 the number of automobiles in Canada had risen to nearly 1. 2 million (2008, p. 288) Employment rates were steadily rising with the rise in the number of manufactured cars in Canada. The opening of big plants throughout Canada in cities such as Windsor and Oshawa closely contributed to higher employment rates. In 1920 the average number of employees in the automobile manufacturing industry was 8,281 where as 6 years later it increased to 11,905. The sun life assurance company, 1956, p. 3 table 1) Even to this day almost 90 years later, these cities are heavily depended on the employment by the automakers. The increase in employment contributed to an increase in the lifestyles of Canadians. Also government revenues increased with the expansion of the automobile industry. They had to find a way to maintain the roads therefore licensing and gas fees were introduced. The automakers did not only increase the lifestyle of the people in the southern provinces but they had a big impact on the western provinces also.Agriculture was one of the many industrial sectors that benefited from the automakers. With cars being built it was now easier for the farmers to sell their products in the market. They now had a more comfortable way to travel and this made their jobs easier. Also the introduction of the farm tractors was a big help in the agriculture industry. The farm tractors increased crop quantities and livestock volume. The tractor was a great invention as it was more efficient and less time consuming. One of the negative impacts of the automobile industry in Canada is that of the regional economic imbalances between the provinces.With the manufacturing being heavily concentrated in Ontario, the other provinces of Canada do not get the same economic output as Ontario does. â€Å"Ontario is considered by far the wealthiest province. The province generates almost 50 percent of Canada’s GDP which translates into a staggering 675 billion dollars. Many analysts describe Ontario as the powerhouse of Canada and a serious contender in North America as well as globally† (Ohmae, 73) The manufacturing plants are situated in the southern province so they could be closer to their parent American companies. The export of the manufactured cars has also increased the GDP of the country.This also shows that with the most jobs being in Ontario, Canada’s population is heavily concentrated in Ontario as the province offers more employment opportunities. You read "Auto Industry in Canada" in category "Papers" â€Å"Between the years of 1981 to 1995, Ontario’s exports, primarily in the United States, almost quadrupled from $38 billion to $140 billion. Exports to the other provinces doubled but when we compare exports to the rest of the world in contrast to the rest of Canada the exports dropped from 28 p er cent to less than 20 per cent â€Å"(Courchene, 278). The above figures show that Ontario is exporting more to the rest of the world than the other provinces. When it comes to exporting to other countries, Ontario exports more to the United States than any other country in the world. Ontario is better off economically because other important industries are located in the provinces. Industries such as the telecommunication industry are also located in Ontario. Therefore with this being said, Ontario is mostly depended on the United States rather than on the other provinces. The auto industry expanded during the 1920s as already mentioned in this essay. A good reason for this was the fact that Canadians themselves were buying cars, since they were a hot commodity during those years.The auto industry was always dominated by the United States and never by the Canadians and this is why many people wonder if the auto industry in Canada is actually Canadian. The second economic boom for the auto makers were the years after the Second World War. After the war production increased as demand was able to meet supply. The industry moved into a period of growth and prosperity after the war. White states: the number of passenger cars produced rose from almost none at the end of the war to 193, 000 in 1949. (2007, p. 71) However during the 1950s the European auto makers ook the upper hand as they had established good production technology. With this technology they were able to produce cheaper and smaller cars, therefore demand for the American auto market started going down. Anything that affected the United States, affected Canada as we were their biggest car manufacture. If the American auto market was to go down, the Canadian economy would crash with them. To better the economic situation and to help the auto industry at home and to save jobs and the live hood of many Canadians, Canada and the United States signed the auto pact in 1968.The Automotive Products Trade Agreement was not based on free trade but it did however remove tariffs on cars and automotive parts between Canada and the United States. It made exports between the two countries cheaper, therefore by raising Canadian exports into the United States. The auto pact helped both countries in dealing with the economic situation at the time. Analysts say that Canada reaped the most benefits from the auto pact as the big 3 ford, general motors and Chrysler ensured that auto production remained and expanded in Canada. Employment increased in Canada during the years that the auto pact was still in power. Wallace states that the auto pact was phased out in 2001 as its provision were ruled to contravene WTO regulations by favouring particular corporations (2002, p. 114) The auto pact is also one of the best examples that shows the government’s intervention in the market place. The auto pact shows that it was necessary for the government to intervene in helping the economy out and making sure that employment levels did not go down.The economy also expanded because of the North American Free Trade Agreement signed in 1994 between USA Canada and Mexico. The North American Free Trade Agreement opened the doors to free trade between the 3 countries to ensure economic prosperity for North America. Considering that the United States is our biggest exporter and we export 80 % of our goods to our neighbours in the south, it was economically wise to make such an important step. The country’s GDP has steadily grown wince the implementation of the trade agreement.According to the organization for economic co-operation and development Canada’s Gross domestic product has steadily increased at a rate of 3. 42 percent annually. (OECD, 2010) Since Canada has joined the North American Free Trade Agreement and has eliminated tariffs on auto parts used for manufacturing purposes in Canada, our automotive surplus and sales have increased and so have the employment rates. According to Industry Canada employment growth has been highest in the auto parts manufacturing sector, as output rose to supply North American vehicle production.Also Canada is integrated in the North American Market with annual sales of 20 million vehicles and has an overall automotive trade surplus of $ 4. 6 billion on flows totalling % 159. 1 billion. (Industry Canada, 2009). As we can see Canada has economically benefited from free trade with the United States, this however does not go without saying that throughout the years, the North American Free Trade agreement has intervened on our political matters and disputes between Canada and the United States have increased throughout the years.A good example of one of the biggest disputes would be that of the Softwood lumber. However, despite all the negative impacts of the North American Free Trade agreement we can generally say that Canada has greatly benefited from this agreement. The auto industry has gone through major changes since the auto pact in 1965 and the implementation of the North American Free Trade agreement in 1994. The American auto makers had a financial downturn in 2009 and the big 3 was very close to filing for bankruptcy if the Canadian and American government would have not bailed them out. Many blame the American financial crisis for the financial meltdown of the automotive industry, where as others blame their profit driven practices. The automakers asked the government for loans and also went through restructuring plans and downsized their plants. They let go a lot of employees and shut down many plants across North America but not in Canada. They went through a process of restructuring as it was necessary for their survival. The Bush government implemented a set of conditions for the automakers, if they were to receive loans from the United States government.These conditions were geared towards the employees as they would be the ones to suffer the most. The global financial meltdown crisis did not only affect the American automakers but also European and Asian automakers. It is generally known that the only way to get out of the recession is to spend, but people cannot afford to spend in times of crisis. Many were laid off and had a hard time surviving the economy as they had no means of support. Once again government intervention was necessary from the Canadians.Considering that the economy in the southern Canadian provinces would go down in ruins, if they American plants decided to show down, the Harper government announced that they would offer $3. 5 billion to the automakers. With the help from the Canadian and American government, the big 3 seem to have recuperated from the melt down as they want to rehire their employees in Canada. General Motors announced that they will be rehiring people in Oshawa for the production of cars in 2011. Jones states that Friday’s recall announcement is in addition to another 600 workers GM said will be back at work to produce the Buick Regal. Approximately 1200 GM workers are now on lay off† (2010, p. 1). Many were against the bail out of the American automakers from the Canadian government as they said it would be a waste, where as others were concerned about the live hood of thousands of Canadians. The above quote clearly shows that the Canadian government took the right economic decision to benefit its people in the future. As we can see the big American auto makers are recuperating from the financial meltdown.What they have to worry about now is competition from the Asian automakers, as they have been taking the lead in the automotive industry since the 1980s. There has been a shift in the Canadian auto market from the Americans to the Japanese auto makers. The Americans still manufacture cars in Canada but the Japanese automakers seem to be dominating the automotive market in the recent years. The Japanese made vehicles are leading the automotive market because of various reasons. The first reason is attributed to the increase in oil prices in the begging of the 1980s.With oil prices going up, people could not afford American made cars anymore as they are known to spend a lot of gas, thus making them economically inefficient. That being one of the main reasons, people turned to Japanese made cars as they are smaller and have fuel efficient engines. White states that the share of the Canadian market supplied by Japanese imports jumped from 6. 6 percent in 1979, the lowest it had been in a decade, to 22. 9 percent in 1982. (2007, p. 89) As we can see the Japanese auto makers were taking big steps in the automotive industry.The recession of the 1980s and the increase in oil prices is what mainly contributed for the turn of events in the favour of the Japanese auto makers. The Canadian government ready to protect the country from the recession of the 1980s put in place policies that required â€Å"motor vehicle manufactures selling significant numbers of vehicles in Canada to invest in Canadian production facilities. † (White, 2007, p. 90). The Japanese auto makers responded to the call of the Canadian government and invested in creating auto plants in Canada.Once again the southern part of Canada profited from this as the plants were located around south central Ontario. The Japanese auto makers had other advantages that the American auto makers did not have at the time. The Japanese had a non unionized work force which worked for lower wages and tougher conditions. More than half of the workforce was made up of young people therefore they did not ask for much other than to be able to support their families. With the share of the Japanese auto makers rising, the American automakers market started dropping rapidly. Another good reason for the Japanese to invest in Canada was the desire to gain free access to the American auto market through the creation of the FTA. Another very important reason why the Japanese cars have a high market share in Canada is because they are responding to the concerns of the general public and especially those of environmental issues. The Japanese auto makers pay attention to the new trends and the problems that face the public at large. They are very flexible and are able to respond to public concerns quickly. They have shown this by producing eco friendly cars such as the Toyota pirus and the hybrid camrys.Lately environmental concerns have become a major issue and these concerns are related to the use of cars as the toxins that they release pollute the air that we breathe. Most environmental damage is caused by driving, therefore big auto makers are asked to change their production practices and produce environmentally friendly cars. Japanese auto makers such as Toyota have answered this call and they have come out with the Toyota hybrid car. A good example of an environmentally friendly car that has swept the market is the Toyota prius that is gasoline electric hybrid.These types of cars use two types of energy sources, gasoline and electricity. The hybrid is a dream come true for the environmentalists as it is as fast as any other car out there and it does not pollute the environment. The automobile technology has changed and as we are shifting towards eco friendly cars the American auto makers are trying to keep up. â€Å"GM cancelled production on its Hummer H1 and ford cancelled production on its Excursion SUV† (Automobile Industry Introduction, 2010) They are also trying to outperform the Japanese auto makers and move towards newer trends such as the plug in rechargeable cars. GM is working towards a gasoline- powered generator capable of charging up the batteries for those occasions when it is not convenient to plug in†. (Automobile Industry Introduction, 2010) As we can see the auto industry has come a long way since the 1920s and it is moving towards newer better trends. It is my personal opinion that the leading auto makers will be those companies that are able to understand and respond to the public’s needs and concerns.In conclusion to this essay it is important to note that the automotive industry in has had an enormous economic impact in Canada and especially on the southern provinces. Created by the big American auto makers, the assembly plants in Canada have raised employment levels and have kept a steady lively hood for Canadians. They have also contributed to a change in Canadian industries such as the agriculture industry, by making farming easier and more efficient. The auto industry in Canada did however create a regional economic imbalance between the provinces in Canada.Ontario is the southern province that has enormously benefited from the auto industry as it is located close r to the parent companies. The location makes manufacturing and exporting of the auto parts easier for both countries. Trade agreements such as the auto pact and the North American Free Trade agreement implemented in 1994 between the United States, Mexico and Canada have also increased employment levels in Canada and maintained a steady economic balance by removing tariffs on importing and exporting goods between the three countries.During the 1980s we saw a major shift from the American auto makers to the Japanese producers of cars. This shift was mainly due to increasing oil prices and the ability of the Japanese to provide more affordable and fuel efficient cars. The global economic meltdown also contributed to the downturn of the American auto makers. With the Americans not being able to meet consumer needs, the general public turned towards the Asian auto makers. The Japanese saw a great opportunity and benefited from this shift. They were able to respond to public concerns regarding eco friendly cars and put in place the production of hybrid cars. These cars have swept the general North American market as they seem to be the perfect solutions for people that cannot afford to spend a lot on fuel and also at the same time want to be environmentally friendly. The Canadian auto industry has had its ups and downs but in general it can be said that it has been a great contribution to the Canadian economy by changing the lives of Canadians and by keeping a steady employment rate. How to cite Auto Industry in Canada, Papers

Auto Industry in Canada Free Essays

string(165) " also shows that with the most jobs being in Ontario, Canada’s population is heavily concentrated in Ontario as the province offers more employment opportunities\." To fully understand why Canada is one the wealthiest nations in the world, we need to pay particular attention to Canada’s economic history. The economic history of our country has been marked by many important events that have paved the way for a successful economic future. A brief economic history of Canada would pay particular attention to important events such as the economic boom of the 1920s, the dark times of the 1930s; the Second World War during the 1940s and to also not forget the important trade agreements such as the auto pact and the NAFTA. We will write a custom essay sample on Auto Industry in Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the above mentioned important events, Canadian economy has also been greatly influenced by its own economic sectors. Our economy has undergone through major changes during the past 3 decades. One of the factors that had an enormous impact on the economy of Canada has been that of the automotive industry. The automotive industry was born in the early years of the 20th century and it has since then, expanded very quickly. (White, 2007, p. 3) The expansion has proved to be economically profitable and also unsuccessful at times.This essay will examine the economical and political impacts of the auto industry in Canada during the past years, by paying special attention to the economic regional imbalance, the auto pact, the North American Free Trade Agreement and also the shift in the Canadian auto market, from American automakers to the Japanese automakers during the past three decades. The automotive industry expanded Canada’s economy by increasing the employment levels, the improvement of roads and contributed to an increase in revenues due to licences and gasoline fees. It also strengthened the economical relationship with our neighbours to the south and has also improved the economy of the southern provinces as it is heavily concentrated in the province of Ontario with major assembly plants in Windsor and Oshawa. The first car was produced in 1888 by Karl Benz in Germany, where as in Canada â€Å"commercial production did not being until after 1900† (White,2007, p. 5) Many Canadian automakers tried their luck but only some succeeded, as the automobile market in Canada was overtaken by the United States in the early stages of its production.It is very important to understand that the beginning of the automobile industry is closely connected to that of the United States. Many people link the creation of the automobile industry in Canada with the American automaker Ford. The design of the American automakers is entirely different from that of the Europeans and this was set early in the history of the car production. The Germans and the French b uild quality and modern cars which could only be afforded by the rich, where as the Americans were faced by an economic dilemma therefore they build cars that the public at large could afford, at a cheaper quality than the Europeans. As White states in the 1920s the industry hit its stride, expanding such that Canada became the second-largest producer of automobiles in the world. † (2007, p. v) The automobile changed many aspects of the lives of Canadians. The car gave Canadians the leisure they didn’t have before the 1920s. Now they were able to travel long distances comfortably, to find jobs far away from home as now it was easier to get to work. The automobile also allowed for the construction of the hard surface roads. Norrie at al states that by the 1928, there were 8600 km of concrete or macadamized roads in the province (2008, pg. 89) As the number of cars per person increased so did the number of licensed vehicles in Canada. Norrie et al states that by 1923 the number of automobiles in Canada had risen to nearly 1. 2 million (2008, p. 288) Employment rates were steadily rising with the rise in the number of manufactured cars in Canada. The opening of big plants throughout Canada in cities such as Windsor and Oshawa closely contributed to higher employment rates. In 1920 the average number of employees in the automobile manufacturing industry was 8,281 where as 6 years later it increased to 11,905. The sun life assurance company, 1956, p. 3 table 1) Even to this day almost 90 years later, these cities are heavily depended on the employment by the automakers. The increase in employment contributed to an increase in the lifestyles of Canadians. Also government revenues increased with the expansion of the automobile industry. They had to find a way to maintain the roads therefore licensing and gas fees were introduced. The automakers did not only increase the lifestyle of the people in the southern provinces but they had a big impact on the western provinces also.Agriculture was one of the many industrial sectors that benefited from the automakers. With cars being built it was now easier for the farmers to sell their products in the market. They now had a more comfortable way to travel and this made their jobs easier. Also the introduction of the farm tractors was a big help in the agriculture industry. The farm tractors increased crop quantities and livestock volume. The tractor was a great invention as it was more efficient and less time consuming. One of the negative impacts of the automobile industry in Canada is that of the regional economic imbalances between the provinces.With the manufacturing being heavily concentrated in Ontario, the other provinces of Canada do not get the same economic output as Ontario does. â€Å"Ontario is considered by far the wealthiest province. The province generates almost 50 percent of Canada’s GDP which translates into a staggering 675 billion dollars. Many analysts describe Ontario as the powerhouse of Canada and a serious contender in North America as well as globally† (Ohmae, 73) The manufacturing plants are situated in the southern province so they could be closer to their parent American companies. The export of the manufactured cars has also increased the GDP of the country.This also shows that with the most jobs being in Ontario, Canada’s population is heavily concentrated in Ontario as the province offers more employment opportunities. You read "Auto Industry in Canada" in category "Papers" â€Å"Between the years of 1981 to 1995, Ontario’s exports, primarily in the United States, almost quadrupled from $38 billion to $140 billion. Exports to the other provinces doubled but when we compare exports to the rest of the world in contrast to the rest of Canada the exports dropped from 28 p er cent to less than 20 per cent â€Å"(Courchene, 278). The above figures show that Ontario is exporting more to the rest of the world than the other provinces. When it comes to exporting to other countries, Ontario exports more to the United States than any other country in the world. Ontario is better off economically because other important industries are located in the provinces. Industries such as the telecommunication industry are also located in Ontario. Therefore with this being said, Ontario is mostly depended on the United States rather than on the other provinces. The auto industry expanded during the 1920s as already mentioned in this essay. A good reason for this was the fact that Canadians themselves were buying cars, since they were a hot commodity during those years.The auto industry was always dominated by the United States and never by the Canadians and this is why many people wonder if the auto industry in Canada is actually Canadian. The second economic boom for the auto makers were the years after the Second World War. After the war production increased as demand was able to meet supply. The industry moved into a period of growth and prosperity after the war. White states: the number of passenger cars produced rose from almost none at the end of the war to 193, 000 in 1949. (2007, p. 71) However during the 1950s the European auto makers ook the upper hand as they had established good production technology. With this technology they were able to produce cheaper and smaller cars, therefore demand for the American auto market started going down. Anything that affected the United States, affected Canada as we were their biggest car manufacture. If the American auto market was to go down, the Canadian economy would crash with them. To better the economic situation and to help the auto industry at home and to save jobs and the live hood of many Canadians, Canada and the United States signed the auto pact in 1968.The Automotive Products Trade Agreement was not based on free trade but it did however remove tariffs on cars and automotive parts between Canada and the United States. It made exports between the two countries cheaper, therefore by raising Canadian exports into the United States. The auto pact helped both countries in dealing with the economic situation at the time. Analysts say that Canada reaped the most benefits from the auto pact as the big 3 ford, general motors and Chrysler ensured that auto production remained and expanded in Canada. Employment increased in Canada during the years that the auto pact was still in power. Wallace states that the auto pact was phased out in 2001 as its provision were ruled to contravene WTO regulations by favouring particular corporations (2002, p. 114) The auto pact is also one of the best examples that shows the government’s intervention in the market place. The auto pact shows that it was necessary for the government to intervene in helping the economy out and making sure that employment levels did not go down.The economy also expanded because of the North American Free Trade Agreement signed in 1994 between USA Canada and Mexico. The North American Free Trade Agreement opened the doors to free trade between the 3 countries to ensure economic prosperity for North America. Considering that the United States is our biggest exporter and we export 80 % of our goods to our neighbours in the south, it was economically wise to make such an important step. The country’s GDP has steadily grown wince the implementation of the trade agreement.According to the organization for economic co-operation and development Canada’s Gross domestic product has steadily increased at a rate of 3. 42 percent annually. (OECD, 2010) Since Canada has joined the North American Free Trade Agreement and has eliminated tariffs on auto parts used for manufacturing purposes in Canada, our automotive surplus and sales have increased and so have the employment rates. According to Industry Canada employment growth has been highest in the auto parts manufacturing sector, as output rose to supply North American vehicle production.Also Canada is integrated in the North American Market with annual sales of 20 million vehicles and has an overall automotive trade surplus of $ 4. 6 billion on flows totalling % 159. 1 billion. (Industry Canada, 2009). As we can see Canada has economically benefited from free trade with the United States, this however does not go without saying that throughout the years, the North American Free Trade agreement has intervened on our political matters and disputes between Canada and the United States have increased throughout the years.A good example of one of the biggest disputes would be that of the Softwood lumber. However, despite all the negative impacts of the North American Free Trade agreement we can generally say that Canada has greatly benefited from this agreement. The auto industry has gone through major changes since the auto pact in 1965 and the implementation of the North American Free Trade agreement in 1994. The American auto makers had a financial downturn in 2009 and the big 3 was very close to filing for bankruptcy if the Canadian and American government would have not bailed them out. Many blame the American financial crisis for the financial meltdown of the automotive industry, where as others blame their profit driven practices. The automakers asked the government for loans and also went through restructuring plans and downsized their plants. They let go a lot of employees and shut down many plants across North America but not in Canada. They went through a process of restructuring as it was necessary for their survival. The Bush government implemented a set of conditions for the automakers, if they were to receive loans from the United States government.These conditions were geared towards the employees as they would be the ones to suffer the most. The global financial meltdown crisis did not only affect the American automakers but also European and Asian automakers. It is generally known that the only way to get out of the recession is to spend, but people cannot afford to spend in times of crisis. Many were laid off and had a hard time surviving the economy as they had no means of support. Once again government intervention was necessary from the Canadians.Considering that the economy in the southern Canadian provinces would go down in ruins, if they American plants decided to show down, the Harper government announced that they would offer $3. 5 billion to the automakers. With the help from the Canadian and American government, the big 3 seem to have recuperated from the melt down as they want to rehire their employees in Canada. General Motors announced that they will be rehiring people in Oshawa for the production of cars in 2011. Jones states that Friday’s recall announcement is in addition to another 600 workers GM said will be back at work to produce the Buick Regal. Approximately 1200 GM workers are now on lay off† (2010, p. 1). Many were against the bail out of the American automakers from the Canadian government as they said it would be a waste, where as others were concerned about the live hood of thousands of Canadians. The above quote clearly shows that the Canadian government took the right economic decision to benefit its people in the future. As we can see the big American auto makers are recuperating from the financial meltdown.What they have to worry about now is competition from the Asian automakers, as they have been taking the lead in the automotive industry since the 1980s. There has been a shift in the Canadian auto market from the Americans to the Japanese auto makers. The Americans still manufacture cars in Canada but the Japanese automakers seem to be dominating the automotive market in the recent years. The Japanese made vehicles are leading the automotive market because of various reasons. The first reason is attributed to the increase in oil prices in the begging of the 1980s.With oil prices going up, people could not afford American made cars anymore as they are known to spend a lot of gas, thus making them economically inefficient. That being one of the main reasons, people turned to Japanese made cars as they are smaller and have fuel efficient engines. White states that the share of the Canadian market supplied by Japanese imports jumped from 6. 6 percent in 1979, the lowest it had been in a decade, to 22. 9 percent in 1982. (2007, p. 89) As we can see the Japanese auto makers were taking big steps in the automotive industry.The recession of the 1980s and the increase in oil prices is what mainly contributed for the turn of events in the favour of the Japanese auto makers. The Canadian government ready to protect the country from the recession of the 1980s put in place policies that required â€Å"motor vehicle manufactures selling significant numbers of vehicles in Canada to invest in Canadian production facilities. † (White, 2007, p. 90). The Japanese auto makers responded to the call of the Canadian government and invested in creating auto plants in Canada.Once again the southern part of Canada profited from this as the plants were located around south central Ontario. The Japanese auto makers had other advantages that the American auto makers did not have at the time. The Japanese had a non unionized work force which worked for lower wages and tougher conditions. More than half of the workforce was made up of young people therefore they did not ask for much other than to be able to support their families. With the share of the Japanese auto makers rising, the American automakers market started dropping rapidly. Another good reason for the Japanese to invest in Canada was the desire to gain free access to the American auto market through the creation of the FTA. Another very important reason why the Japanese cars have a high market share in Canada is because they are responding to the concerns of the general public and especially those of environmental issues. The Japanese auto makers pay attention to the new trends and the problems that face the public at large. They are very flexible and are able to respond to public concerns quickly. They have shown this by producing eco friendly cars such as the Toyota pirus and the hybrid camrys.Lately environmental concerns have become a major issue and these concerns are related to the use of cars as the toxins that they release pollute the air that we breathe. Most environmental damage is caused by driving, therefore big auto makers are asked to change their production practices and produce environmentally friendly cars. Japanese auto makers such as Toyota have answered this call and they have come out with the Toyota hybrid car. A good example of an environmentally friendly car that has swept the market is the Toyota prius that is gasoline electric hybrid.These types of cars use two types of energy sources, gasoline and electricity. The hybrid is a dream come true for the environmentalists as it is as fast as any other car out there and it does not pollute the environment. The automobile technology has changed and as we are shifting towards eco friendly cars the American auto makers are trying to keep up. â€Å"GM cancelled production on its Hummer H1 and ford cancelled production on its Excursion SUV† (Automobile Industry Introduction, 2010) They are also trying to outperform the Japanese auto makers and move towards newer trends such as the plug in rechargeable cars. GM is working towards a gasoline- powered generator capable of charging up the batteries for those occasions when it is not convenient to plug in†. (Automobile Industry Introduction, 2010) As we can see the auto industry has come a long way since the 1920s and it is moving towards newer better trends. It is my personal opinion that the leading auto makers will be those companies that are able to understand and respond to the public’s needs and concerns.In conclusion to this essay it is important to note that the automotive industry in has had an enormous economic impact in Canada and especially on the southern provinces. Created by the big American auto makers, the assembly plants in Canada have raised employment levels and have kept a steady lively hood for Canadians. They have also contributed to a change in Canadian industries such as the agriculture industry, by making farming easier and more efficient. The auto industry in Canada did however create a regional economic imbalance between the provinces in Canada.Ontario is the southern province that has enormously benefited from the auto industry as it is located close r to the parent companies. The location makes manufacturing and exporting of the auto parts easier for both countries. Trade agreements such as the auto pact and the North American Free Trade agreement implemented in 1994 between the United States, Mexico and Canada have also increased employment levels in Canada and maintained a steady economic balance by removing tariffs on importing and exporting goods between the three countries.During the 1980s we saw a major shift from the American auto makers to the Japanese producers of cars. This shift was mainly due to increasing oil prices and the ability of the Japanese to provide more affordable and fuel efficient cars. The global economic meltdown also contributed to the downturn of the American auto makers. With the Americans not being able to meet consumer needs, the general public turned towards the Asian auto makers. The Japanese saw a great opportunity and benefited from this shift. They were able to respond to public concerns regarding eco friendly cars and put in place the production of hybrid cars. These cars have swept the general North American market as they seem to be the perfect solutions for people that cannot afford to spend a lot on fuel and also at the same time want to be environmentally friendly. The Canadian auto industry has had its ups and downs but in general it can be said that it has been a great contribution to the Canadian economy by changing the lives of Canadians and by keeping a steady employment rate. How to cite Auto Industry in Canada, Papers